Who are the underbanked in the US? If we refer to Javelin Strategy latest study:
“Comprising an estimated 35 million US adults (or 15% of the US population), underbanked are typically young, ethnically diverse, and more likely to use the “computer in their pocket” (i.e. their mobile phones) to conduct their banking.”
But does that not mean that the services targeting them are less diverse than classic banking services? On the contrary, the bank-less (as personal bank account / most of these services leverage the banking infrastructure in some form) universe of services is exploding!\
– The most know is probably the prepaid card. Greendot is one of the biggest new players in the field. These cards allows people to benefit from modern payment means without having to open a bank account. While there are several fees attached to its use (list of Greendot fees available here) , they can have advantages over a bank account as they don’t allow overdraft and don’t require minimum balance.
By the way, you can find these cards in retail stores:
– Don’t want to have a card?
You can also pay online with cash using services such as
Paynearme . Print a code online, present it at the nearest 7/11, pay in cash and the transaction is finalized. You can try it
here. Seems strange? Not when you consider that:
– While all the talk is about branchless in retail banking, you can also use physical financial services locations without having a bank account.
– While Square may be the most talked about startup in mobile payment, it does not prevent competitors to provide bank-less solutions.
More than replicating existing offers linked to a personal bank account, prepaid product have also specific and innovative services
–
Payperks (an
Anthemis Investment)
combines prepaid card, education program and sweepstakes to provide an alternative to the paycheck or cash payment. Payperks users are educated and incentivized (via sweepstakes games) to make better long term financial decision (avoiding late bill payment fees for example)
– Have a club, an association, a small company and want to manage both your money and your financials at the same time?
Holvi offers exactly this by allowing
organization to build, control and share their internal finance. Receiving payments are automatically integrated, invoices are matched as well.
– Cross-border payment companies such as Western Union are well known.
But what if you could directly pay for charges instead of sending money across? Companies such as i
Send provides exactly that by allowing people to pay for electricity telco bill or mobile top up of their families abroad. With
Mamamikes , based in Kenya, you can also buy vouchers toward specific items.
What is driving this innovation?
Multiple factors are playing but I think among other things the relatively simpler regulation allows for more innovation that benefit the customers. They often have lighter licences to operate as they cannot provide credit services. Most of these startups operate on top of the banking infrastructure, which provides some form of security.
With the growth of the prepaid market, regulators are starting
to pay more attention to this market.
It is important, in my view, that they are careful in allowing such innovation to continue via competition. While a number of bad operators can be expected in any industry, the trend is that the services towards underbanked and unbanked are becoming better and cheaper.
